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rust/axum百万并发的代码以及通过刷新tokio运行时让内存回缩的方法

lithbitren 发表于 2024-08-22 00:11

Tags：tokio,axum,hyper,mi_malloc

上一个帖子猜测是tokio的容器问题导致了内存无法即时释放，后来上tokio的社区提了issue，但没有代码和日志似乎讨论不下去了，只能整理好代码发出来了。（之前的测试代码都是unused和单字母变量加一堆乱七八糟的注释，所以没能第一时间发出来）

看完今天这篇文章后，有问题大伙可以讨论，如果觉得这个议题有意义，可以到issue下支持tokio社区去增加官方刷新内存的方法，当然大佬们觉得有时间的话，也可以在这个议题上为tokio贡献代码。

issue地址：Tokio Might Need a Safe Method to Refresh Runtime #6760

  • 结论

整理了代码以后，我主要测试了4种状态下内存情况，每个状态启动4-5秒后会进行http2的百万并发测试，图表里反映的是前两轮的测试状态。

在图表之中，分别是左上角的默认分配器下不刷新运行时，右上角的mimalloc不刷新运行时，以及左下角的默认分配器下刷新运行时，以及右下角的mimalloc刷新运行时。

图表的横坐标是服务器启动时间，单位为秒。

图表左边的纵坐标是内存大小，作用于inner_mem（蓝色面积）和outer_mem（黄色面积）的数据，分别代表内部追踪的进程内存大小和外部监控的内存大小，单位是MB，右边的纵坐标是句柄连接数和并发任务个数统计（绿色折线），最大连接数是100万，最大任务数会是1,000,008。

内部的内存追踪是通过修改全局内存分配器实现的，外部监控进程内存是通过第三方库sysinfo实现的，外部监控的进程内存数值不稳定，但基本与linux的top命令或者图形界面的任务管理器里的数值一致。

axum-test

通过以上这四个折现图可以看出，当进行百万并发测试时，运行时的实时任务增加时，内存会急剧上涨，最高时到达2500MB左右。

内部监控的内存，总是能够在任务减少的时候自动清除，说明代码确实不存在内存泄漏问题。

但如果使用默认分配器，会发现，即使时任务减少时，外部监控的内存甚至还会进一步增长，只有连接数清零时，内存才会释放，但释放过后也还会有2000MB左右。

如果使用mi_malloc分配器，外部监控的内存会随着协程任务结束而释放，但内存也不会减少到一个很低的数字，而是在600MB左右就不会再减少了。

在并发结束后，如果刷新运行时（大约在30秒和65秒的时候），可以发现外部监控内存可以回缩到极低的水平。

使用默认分配器时，外部监控的内存大概回缩一两次就不会再回缩了，不过最终内存会在10-100M之间。

使用mi_malloc分配器，外部监控的内存能逐步回缩到15M左右，非常稳定。

由以上测试结果可以看出，刷新tokio的运行时，对外部监控内存的释放确实是有意义的。

  • 客户端

客户端就是一个reqwest实现的高并发客户端，cpu是8线程所以初始化了8个http2客户端，拷贝代码测试的时候可以自行调整。能够设定多轮百万并发，默认每轮中途休息10秒（方便观察服务端的内存回缩），我这边客户端的工作内存是7-8G，静止内存是4G左右。

rust版本： rustc 1.82.0-nightly (7120fdac7 2024-07-25)

cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
reqwest = "0.12.5"
tokio = { version = "1.39.2", features = ["full"] }

src/main.rs:

use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

/// 发起请求时获取地址，如果有多个目标服务器，可以在这里写地址轮询
fn get_url(round: usize) -> &'static str {
    "http://0.0.0.0:3000?server=axum&expire=20000"
}

/// 循环轮次
const TOTAL_ROUNDS: usize = 300;
/// 每个轮次的请求数
const TOTAL_REQUESTS: usize = 1_000_000;
/// 每个轮次的时间间隔，单位为秒
const WAITING_SECS: u64 = 10;
/// 客户端数
const NUM_CLIENTS: usize = 8;

/// 间隔时的读秒输出
async fn countdown(seconds: u64) {
    let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(1));
    for i in 0..=seconds {
        interval.tick().await;
        print!("\rwaiting for ({}/{}) seconds...", i, seconds);
        use std::io::Write;
        std::io::stdout().flush().unwrap();
    }
    println!("\r{}\r", " ".repeat(30));
}

/// 计算响应的百分比时间数据
fn calculate_percentiles(durations: Vec<Duration>) -> [Duration; 5] {
    let mut sorted_durations = durations;
    sorted_durations.sort_by_key(|d| d.as_millis());
    let total_requests = sorted_durations.len();
    [
        sorted_durations[total_requests / 2],
        sorted_durations[total_requests * 9 / 10],
        sorted_durations[total_requests * 99 / 100],
        sorted_durations[total_requests * 999 / 1000],
        sorted_durations.last().cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
    ]
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let start = Instant::now();
    let clients: Vec<reqwest::Client> = (0..NUM_CLIENTS)
        .map(|_| {
            reqwest::ClientBuilder::new()
                // .danger_accept_invalid_certs(true)  // 测试自签https用的
                .pool_idle_timeout(Duration::from_secs(1))
                .http2_prior_knowledge() // http2的客户端标识
                .build()
                .unwrap()
        })
        .collect();
    println!("build-clients-time: {:.3?}", start.elapsed());

    for round in 1..=TOTAL_ROUNDS {
        multi_requests(round, &clients).await;
        countdown(WAITING_SECS).await;
    }
}

/// 每轮的并发请求函数
async fn multi_requests(round: usize, clients: &Vec<reqwest::Client>) {
    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();

    let mut results = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    let mut successful_times = Vec::new();
    let mut successful_count = 0u32;
    let clients_len = clients.len();

    let start = Instant::now();
    let mut tasks = Vec::with_capacity(TOTAL_REQUESTS);
    for i in 0..TOTAL_REQUESTS {
        let client = clients[i % clients_len].clone();
        tasks.push(runtime.spawn(async move {
            let url = get_url(round);
            let request_start = Instant::now();
            let response = client
                .get(url)
                .timeout(Duration::from_secs(60))
                .send()
                .await;
            let result = match response {
                Ok(r) => r.text().await,
                Err(e) => Err(e),
            };
            (result, request_start.elapsed())
        }));
    }
    println!("{round} - prepared-time: {:.3?}", start.elapsed());

    // 统计的时候把所有响应和错误类型都转成String来统计了
    for task in tasks {
        let (result, elapsed) = task.await.unwrap();
        if result.is_ok() {
            successful_times.push(elapsed);
            successful_count += 1;
        }
        let result = result.unwrap_or_else(|e| e.to_string());
        *results.entry(result).or_insert(0) += 1;
    }
    println!("{round} - completed-time: {:.3?}", start.elapsed());

    // 存在成功响应时，统计输出一些具体的数据
    if successful_count > 0 {
        println!(
            "{round} - successful-count: {successful_count}, average-time: {:.3?}",
            successful_times.iter().sum::<Duration>() / (successful_count as u32)
        );
        let percentiles = calculate_percentiles(successful_times);
        println!(
            "{round} - percentiles: {{ 50%: {:.3?}, 90%: {:.3?}, 99%: {:.3?}, 99.9%: {:.3?}, 100%: {:.3?} }}",
            percentiles[0], percentiles[1], percentiles[2], percentiles[3], percentiles[4]
        );
    }

    // 响应成功率计算
    println!(
        "{round} - results-len: {}, success-rate: {:.2}%",
        results.len(),
        100. * successful_count as f64 / TOTAL_REQUESTS as f64
    );

    // 响应结果太多时就不输出了，通常在测试http1.1的时候不会输出结果。
    if results.len() <= 100 {
        println!("{round} - results: {:#?}", results);
    }

    runtime.shutdown_background();
}

典型的输出数据如下：

build-clients-time: 61.264ms
1 - prepared-time: 2.401s
1 - completed-time: 26.181s
1 - successful-count: 1000000, average-time: 18.341s
1 - percentiles: {50%: 18.743s, 90%: 21.764s, 99%: 22.663s, 99.9%: 23.372s, 100%: 24.031s}
1 - results-len: 8, success-rate: 100.00%
1 - results: {
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11582": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11579": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11581": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11578": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11583": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11584": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11580": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11585": 125000,
}
                              
2 - prepared-time: 2.393s
2 - completed-time: 25.683s
2 - successful-count: 1000000, average-time: 18.667s
2 - percentiles: {50%: 18.503s, 90%: 22.145s, 99%: 22.761s, 99.9%: 23.732s, 100%: 24.385s}
2 - results-len: 8, success-rate: 100.00%
2 - results: {
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11591": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11586": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11587": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11593": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11592": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11590": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11589": 125000,
    "axum(20027) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:11588": 125000,
}
waiting for (3/10) seconds...

57 - prepared-time: 2.181s
57 - completed-time: 67.254s
57 - successful-count: 606228, average-time: 17.133s
57 - percentiles: { 50%: 16.718s, 90%: 18.246s, 99%: 19.710s, 99.9%: 59.925s, 100%: 60.001s }
57 - results-len: 10, success-rate: 60.62%
57 - results: {
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7806": 124806,
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7808": 58174,
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7805": 8790,
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7811": 64255,
    "error decoding response body": 86967,
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7807": 116657,
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7810": 122746,
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7812": 107818,
    "error sending request for url (http://192.168.0.127:3000/?server=axum&expire=15000)": 306805,
    "axum(13053) HTTP/2.0 192.168.0.123:7809": 2982,
}

正确的响应包括：服务器类型标识，服务端进程id，http类型，以及客户端的ip地址。一共100万个请求，8个客户端，每个客户端分到12.5万。

如果在请求的过程中，特别是服务端链接已经开始释放的时候，ctrl+c关闭服务端，就可以观测到错误输出了，一般只有sending和decoding两种错误。

和上次写文章的时候相比，改了一些地方，内存开销小了很多（之前的版本把统计放进了并发的协程里，工作内存在12G这样），响应性能区别不大。

  • 服务端

服务端是axum+hyper的low-level模式，代码比较长，包括了内存监控（同时监控分配器的内部内存和外部进程的内存），全局运行时的监控和替换（这里直接用parking_lot来加锁修改了，因为数据竞争很小，所以加锁操作对性能损耗并不明显），句柄设计为根据params里提取expire来实现动态休眠，同时用一个my_status变量来跟跟踪句柄的链接状态，另外另起了一个协程来在命令行里输出这些状态。

rust在排查内存泄漏的时候，一般都是通过内部的内存分配器来监控内存状态（下述简称为内部追踪的内存为INNER_MEMORY），但运维管理时我们通常只会监控外部的内存（下述简称为外部检测的内存为OUTER_MEMORY），这两个内存肯定是不一样的，内部内存稳定通常代表没有内存泄漏，外部内存远大于内部内存，通常代表进程的内存没有即时归还给系统。

mi_malloc目前主要适配于linux，其他系统可能需要注释掉和mi_malloc相关的代码，但不影响对进程内存是否释放的观察。

可以通过切换注释来切换内存分配器以及是否刷新tokio的运行时，切换注释后需要重新进行增量编译。

static REAL_ALLOCATOR: (std::alloc::System, &str, u64) = (std::alloc::System, "DefaultAlloc", 20);
// static REAL_ALLOCATOR: (mimalloc::MiMalloc, &str, u64) = (mimalloc::MiMalloc, "MiMalloc", 20);

// const AUTO_REFRESH: bool = false;
const AUTO_REFRESH: bool = true;

rust版本： rustc 1.82.0-nightly (7120fdac7 2024-07-25)

cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
axum =  { version = "0.7.5", features = ["http2"] }
tokio = { version = "1.39.2", features = ["full"] }
mimalloc = "0.1.42"
hyper = "1.4.1" 
hyper-util = { version = "0.1.7", features = ["tokio", "server-auto", "http2"] }
tower = { version = "0.4.13", features = ["full"] }
sysinfo = "0.30.13"
parking_lot = "0.12.3"

src/main.rs:

use std::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::net::SocketAddr;
use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock};
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use std::time::Duration;

use sysinfo::{Pid, System};

use tokio::runtime::{Handle, Runtime};

use hyper::body::Incoming;
use hyper_util::rt::{TokioExecutor, TokioIo};
use hyper_util::server;
use tower::Service;

use axum::extract::{ConnectInfo, Query, Request, State};
use axum::{Extension, Router, routing::get};

/// 定义全局运行时
use parking_lot::RwLock;
static GLOBAL_RUNTIME: RwLock<Option<Runtime>> = RwLock::new(None);

/// 进程id
static PID: LazyLock<Pid> = LazyLock::new(|| Pid::from_u32(std::process::id()));

/// 监视器在命令行里的输出频率，默认时1秒输出一次
const INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 1;

/// 自定义的内存分配器的追踪器
struct TrackedAlloc;

#[global_allocator]
static ALLOC: TrackedAlloc = TrackedAlloc;

/// 内部内存追踪
static INNER_MEMORY: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);

/// 真实的分配器，第一种是默认分配器，第二种是MiMalloc，同一个代码只能用一个分配器，所以只能通过注释来选择性编译
/// 元组的三个元素分别是分配器，分配器名称，内存收缩时的阈值（即内存在这个值（单位：MB）之上时会刷新tokio的运行时）
static REAL_ALLOCATOR: (std::alloc::System, &str, u64) = (std::alloc::System, "DefaultAlloc", 20);
// static REAL_ALLOCATOR: (mimalloc::MiMalloc, &str, u64) = (mimalloc::MiMalloc, "MiMalloc", 20);

/// 是否自动刷新tokio的运行时
// const AUTO_REFRESH: bool = false;
const AUTO_REFRESH: bool = true;

/// 内部追踪内存的具体实现
unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for TrackedAlloc {
    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
        let ret = REAL_ALLOCATOR.0.alloc(layout);
        if !ret.is_null() {
            INNER_MEMORY.fetch_add(layout.size(), Ordering::Relaxed);
        }
        ret
    }
    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
        REAL_ALLOCATOR.0.dealloc(ptr, layout);
        INNER_MEMORY.fetch_sub(layout.size(), Ordering::Relaxed);
    }

    unsafe fn alloc_zeroed(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
        let ret = REAL_ALLOCATOR.0.alloc_zeroed(layout);
        if !ret.is_null() {
            INNER_MEMORY.fetch_add(layout.size(), Ordering::Relaxed);
        }
        ret
    }
    unsafe fn realloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout, new_size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
        let ret = REAL_ALLOCATOR.0.realloc(ptr, layout, new_size);
        if !ret.is_null() {
            INNER_MEMORY.fetch_add(new_size.wrapping_sub(layout.size()), Ordering::Relaxed);
        }
        ret
    }
}

/// 句柄状态的追踪
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct MyState {
    counter: AtomicUsize,
    connection: AtomicUsize,
    max_connection: AtomicUsize,
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // 初始化或替换全局运行时，通过写锁来设置
    GLOBAL_RUNTIME.write().replace(Runtime::new().unwrap());

    println!("axum-demo pid is {}", *PID);

    // 监听端口
    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("0.0.0.0:3000").await.unwrap();
    println!("listening on {}", listener.local_addr().unwrap());

    // 初始化句柄状态
    let my_status: Arc<MyState> = Default::default();

    // 通过main运行时来启动异步监视器
    tokio::spawn(minitor(my_status.clone()));

    // 创建axum服务
    let app = Router::new().route("/", get(index)).with_state(my_status);

    // 以low-level的形式循环建立tcp连接
    while let Ok((stream, addr)) = listener.accept().await {
        let app = app.clone();
        // spawn时，通过读锁来获取全局运行时
        GLOBAL_RUNTIME.read().as_ref().unwrap().spawn(async move {
            let io = TokioIo::new(stream);
            let hyper_service = hyper::service::service_fn(move |req: Request<Incoming>| {
                // 将每个连接的地址信息注入到句柄里
                app.clone().layer(Extension(ConnectInfo(addr))).call(req)
            });

            if let Err(err) = server::conn::auto::Builder::new(TokioExecutor::new())
                .http2() // http2 服务设置标识
                .max_concurrent_streams(1000000) // 单条http2链接的最大并发流数
                .keep_alive_timeout(Duration::from_secs(1))
                .serve_connection_with_upgrades(io, hyper_service)
                .await
            {
                println!("error serving connection from {addr:?}: {err:#}");
            }
        });
    }
}

/// 句柄，会从params里提取expire来进行休眠，同时刷新my_status的connection和计数状态
async fn index(
    version: axum::http::Version,
    ConnectInfo(addr): ConnectInfo<SocketAddr>,
    State(my_status): State<Arc<MyState>>,
    Query(params): Query<HashMap<String, String>>,
) -> String {
    my_status.counter.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    let conn = 1 + my_status.connection.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    if conn > my_status.max_connection.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
        my_status.max_connection.store(conn, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }
    if let Some(Ok(expire)) = params.get("expire").map(|s| s.parse::<u64>()) {
        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(expire)).await;
    }
    my_status.connection.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    format!("axum({}) {version:?} {addr:?}", *PID)
}

/// 通过sysinfo第三方库从外部获取进程内存
fn get_memory_usage() -> u64 {
    let system_info = System::new_all();
    let current_process = system_info.process(*PID).expect("Process not found");
    current_process.memory()
}

/// 异步函数实现的监视器
async fn minitor(my_status: Arc<MyState>) {
    let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(INTERVAL_SECS));
    let mut tick = 0;
    loop {
        interval.tick().await;
        let ct = my_status.counter.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
        let conn = my_status.connection.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
        let max_conn = my_status.max_connection.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
        let outer_memory = get_memory_usage();
        let global_spawn = GLOBAL_RUNTIME
            .read()
            .as_ref()
            .unwrap()
            .handle()
            .metrics()
            .num_alive_tasks();
        let main_spawn = Handle::current().metrics().num_alive_tasks();
        // 刷新全局运行时，当全局运行时没有任务时，且外部内存超过阈值时，刷新全局运行时
        let refresh_message =
            if AUTO_REFRESH && global_spawn == 0 && outer_memory > REAL_ALLOCATOR.2 * 1024 * 1024 {
                let start = std::time::Instant::now();
                // 把旧的全局运行时替换出来
                let old_global_runtime = GLOBAL_RUNTIME.write().replace(Runtime::new().unwrap());
                // 在main运行时里，关闭旧的全局运行时
                old_global_runtime.unwrap().shutdown_background();
                format!(
                    ", refresh runtime on {} until {}M! cost {:?}",
                    REAL_ALLOCATOR.1,
                    REAL_ALLOCATOR.2,
                    start.elapsed()
                )
            } else {
                "".to_string()
            };
        // 输出句柄的计数器、实时连接数、最大连接数、内部内存、外部内存、主运行时正在运行的任务、全局运行时正在运行的任务、以及是否刷新的信息
        println!(
            "axum {tick}, ct: {ct}, conn: {conn}, max_conn: {max_conn}, inner_mem: {:.3}M, outer_mem: {:.3}M, main_rt: {}, global_rt: {}{}",
            INNER_MEMORY.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as f64  / 1024. / 1024.,
            outer_memory as f64 / 1024. / 1024.,
            main_spawn,
            global_spawn,
            refresh_message,
        );
        tick += INTERVAL_SECS;
    }
}

在整理完代码后，服务端删掉了很多路由和其他监控，最大内存只有2500MB左右了（之前的文章里是3.5G-4.5G），可以勉强得出一个实践经验，tokio::spawn创建协程时，克隆拷贝进入协程的数据和状态越复杂，内存开销就越大，而且更加不容易释放。

这个代码中的方法并不是一个刷新运行时的最佳实践，刷新全局运行时必须要等到实时任务归零，这意味着需要在运行时之外才能刷新当前运行时。

而且实时任务归零的过程需要等待，比如等待所有长连接结束才能进入刷新过程。

即使是实时任务归零了，也不代表能够完全安全的关闭全局运行时，实时任务归零只能代表服务端正在运行的异步任务结束了，但tcp连接可能还没有完全断开，这个时候关闭全局运行时有可能会把tcp连接关闭，导致客户端tcp缓冲区的数据不一定能安全读取。

目前这个刷新方法只适合用于axum/hyper，其他一些依赖tokio的框架并不能安全使用。

我也不确定tokio刷新运行时的线程以及的内部的容器能否让系统完全回收内存，这需要熟悉tokio运行时代码的编码者进一步详细的测试，但整体替换运行时确实有助于系统回收内存。

  • 日志

图表对应的服务端日志原始数据如下：

1、default-without-refresh

axum-demo pid is 2133
listening on 0.0.0.0:3000
axum 0, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.125M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 1, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 2, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.527M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 3, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.684M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 4, ct: 27760, conn: 27760, max_conn: 27760, inner_mem: 83.410M, outer_mem: 87.824M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 31690
axum 5, ct: 237193, conn: 237193, max_conn: 237193, inner_mem: 643.367M, outer_mem: 636.449M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 243295
axum 6, ct: 409585, conn: 409585, max_conn: 409585, inner_mem: 969.766M, outer_mem: 1003.730M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 413277
axum 7, ct: 588048, conn: 588048, max_conn: 588048, inner_mem: 1609.142M, outer_mem: 1668.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 690160
axum 8, ct: 860580, conn: 860580, max_conn: 860580, inner_mem: 2113.805M, outer_mem: 2263.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 933078
axum 9, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 10, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 11, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 12, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 13, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 14, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 15, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 16, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 17, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 18, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2445.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 19, ct: 1000000, conn: 983001, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2221.630M, outer_mem: 2450.598M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 982367
axum 20, ct: 1000000, conn: 795699, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1998.540M, outer_mem: 2496.223M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 795714
axum 21, ct: 1000000, conn: 617085, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1834.297M, outer_mem: 2547.473M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 614342
axum 22, ct: 1000000, conn: 490067, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1542.834M, outer_mem: 2557.598M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 490082
axum 23, ct: 1000000, conn: 303630, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1334.821M, outer_mem: 2615.848M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 303645
axum 24, ct: 1000000, conn: 138866, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1049.048M, outer_mem: 2634.598M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 135432
axum 25, ct: 1000000, conn: 16145, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 802.302M, outer_mem: 2649.473M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 15351
axum 26, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 683.543M, outer_mem: 2638.582M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 27, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 683.543M, outer_mem: 2638.582M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 28, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 683.543M, outer_mem: 2638.582M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 29, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 30, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 31, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 32, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 33, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 34, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 35, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 36, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 37, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 38, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 39, ct: 1146947, conn: 146947, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 375.161M, outer_mem: 2062.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 150038
axum 40, ct: 1330594, conn: 330594, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1093.399M, outer_mem: 2174.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 430367
axum 41, ct: 1646670, conn: 646670, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1597.347M, outer_mem: 2236.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 652922
axum 42, ct: 1794766, conn: 794766, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2163.816M, outer_mem: 2465.754M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 986139
axum 43, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 44, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 45, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 46, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 47, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 48, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 49, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 50, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 51, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 52, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 53, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.042M, outer_mem: 2532.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 54, ct: 2000000, conn: 873388, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2062.612M, outer_mem: 2553.004M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 871597
axum 55, ct: 2000000, conn: 702935, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1772.213M, outer_mem: 2580.754M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 701419
axum 56, ct: 2000000, conn: 481642, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1506.089M, outer_mem: 2630.254M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 480889
axum 57, ct: 2000000, conn: 285573, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1309.204M, outer_mem: 2714.598M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 282309
axum 58, ct: 2000000, conn: 131773, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1048.973M, outer_mem: 2729.223M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 129783
axum 59, ct: 2000000, conn: 3418, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 708.770M, outer_mem: 2736.723M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 824
axum 60, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 627.293M, outer_mem: 2736.723M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 61, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 627.293M, outer_mem: 2736.723M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 62, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 627.293M, outer_mem: 2736.723M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 63, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 64, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 65, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 66, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 67, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 68, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 69, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 70, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 2339.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0

2、mimalloc-without-refresh

axum-demo pid is 2259
listening on 0.0.0.0:3000
axum 0, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 7.875M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 1, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 8.480M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 2, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 9.355M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 3, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 10.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 4, ct: 2358, conn: 2358, max_conn: 2358, inner_mem: 5.898M, outer_mem: 19.230M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 2366
axum 5, ct: 195623, conn: 195623, max_conn: 195623, inner_mem: 465.840M, outer_mem: 484.844M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 195631
axum 6, ct: 320341, conn: 320341, max_conn: 320341, inner_mem: 762.931M, outer_mem: 788.125M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 320349
axum 7, ct: 482341, conn: 482341, max_conn: 482341, inner_mem: 1152.570M, outer_mem: 1188.777M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 504142
axum 8, ct: 757306, conn: 757306, max_conn: 757306, inner_mem: 1901.621M, outer_mem: 1954.539M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 782888
axum 9, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.543M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 10, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.543M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 11, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.668M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 12, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.793M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 13, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.793M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 14, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.793M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 15, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.793M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 16, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.793M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 17, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.793M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 18, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2340.793M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 19, ct: 1000000, conn: 997642, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.318M, outer_mem: 2336.062M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 997650
axum 20, ct: 1000000, conn: 835549, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2064.168M, outer_mem: 2231.395M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 833324
axum 21, ct: 1000000, conn: 681860, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1759.974M, outer_mem: 1824.879M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 680530
axum 22, ct: 1000000, conn: 536398, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1512.444M, outer_mem: 1585.848M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 536015
axum 23, ct: 1000000, conn: 298206, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1164.689M, outer_mem: 1244.891M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 285720
axum 24, ct: 1000000, conn: 79740, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 912.242M, outer_mem: 966.766M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 75767
axum 25, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 672.618M, outer_mem: 778.508M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 26, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 664.043M, outer_mem: 778.359M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 27, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 664.043M, outer_mem: 778.359M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 28, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 664.043M, outer_mem: 778.359M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 29, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.422M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 30, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.422M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 31, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.422M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 32, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.422M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 33, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.422M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 34, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.266M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 35, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.391M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 36, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.391M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 37, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.391M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 38, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 731.391M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 39, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.318M, outer_mem: 617.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 2
axum 40, ct: 1174121, conn: 174121, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 441.919M, outer_mem: 842.766M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 178585
axum 41, ct: 1376203, conn: 376203, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 943.529M, outer_mem: 945.648M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 381107
axum 42, ct: 1536470, conn: 536470, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1250.351M, outer_mem: 1283.625M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 544540
axum 43, ct: 1808908, conn: 808908, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1902.623M, outer_mem: 1964.914M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 813646
axum 44, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2336.215M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 45, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.840M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 46, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.840M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 47, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 48, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 49, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 50, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 51, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 52, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 53, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 54, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2238.791M, outer_mem: 2335.660M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 55, ct: 2000000, conn: 836494, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1999.376M, outer_mem: 2119.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 832779
axum 56, ct: 2000000, conn: 651632, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1695.710M, outer_mem: 1820.117M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 648517
axum 57, ct: 2000000, conn: 485491, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1389.168M, outer_mem: 1500.973M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 484290
axum 58, ct: 2000000, conn: 245103, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1016.947M, outer_mem: 1136.078M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 234059
axum 59, ct: 2000000, conn: 46343, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 776.429M, outer_mem: 893.582M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 44420
axum 60, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 601.793M, outer_mem: 668.934M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 61, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 601.793M, outer_mem: 668.809M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 62, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 601.793M, outer_mem: 668.684M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 63, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 601.793M, outer_mem: 668.684M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 64, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 656.016M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 65, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 656.016M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 66, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 655.871M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 67, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 655.871M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 68, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 655.871M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 69, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 655.871M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 70, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 655.871M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0

3、default-with-refresh

axum-demo pid is 2849
listening on 0.0.0.0:3000
axum 0, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.250M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 1, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.559M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 2, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.777M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 3, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 6.805M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 4, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.262M, outer_mem: 6.824M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 2
axum 5, ct: 67033, conn: 67033, max_conn: 67033, inner_mem: 185.561M, outer_mem: 189.320M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 68360
axum 6, ct: 211195, conn: 211195, max_conn: 211195, inner_mem: 514.785M, outer_mem: 540.012M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 214611
axum 7, ct: 362115, conn: 362115, max_conn: 362115, inner_mem: 865.917M, outer_mem: 899.109M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 369238
axum 8, ct: 571405, conn: 571405, max_conn: 571405, inner_mem: 1492.590M, outer_mem: 1567.328M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 641803
axum 9, ct: 823134, conn: 823134, max_conn: 823134, inner_mem: 2045.258M, outer_mem: 2186.203M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 884145
axum 10, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.703M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 11, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.703M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 12, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.703M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 13, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 14, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 15, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 16, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 17, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 18, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 19, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2242.541M, outer_mem: 2444.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 20, ct: 1000000, conn: 940579, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2156.890M, outer_mem: 2456.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 940594
axum 21, ct: 1000000, conn: 805314, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1923.350M, outer_mem: 2476.078M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 803973
axum 22, ct: 1000000, conn: 654103, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1661.931M, outer_mem: 2480.578M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 650122
axum 23, ct: 1000000, conn: 448379, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1349.720M, outer_mem: 2480.578M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 446867
axum 24, ct: 1000000, conn: 264076, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1095.251M, outer_mem: 2493.828M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 259210
axum 25, ct: 1000000, conn: 125734, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 873.939M, outer_mem: 2532.328M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 125749
axum 26, ct: 1000000, conn: 4260, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 629.933M, outer_mem: 2554.203M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 4275
axum 27, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 586.043M, outer_mem: 2455.984M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 28, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 586.043M, outer_mem: 2455.984M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 29, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 586.043M, outer_mem: 2455.984M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 30, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.347M, outer_mem: 1962.844M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on DefaultAlloc until 20M! cost 1.022712ms
axum 31, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 32, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 33, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 34, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 35, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 36, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 37, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 38, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 39, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 11.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 40, ct: 1121303, conn: 121303, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 319.137M, outer_mem: 336.855M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 125834
axum 41, ct: 1309984, conn: 309984, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 823.280M, outer_mem: 852.605M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 342849
axum 42, ct: 1559032, conn: 559032, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1360.795M, outer_mem: 1436.855M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 574630
axum 43, ct: 1791651, conn: 791651, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1900.792M, outer_mem: 2052.355M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 841903
axum 44, ct: 1977056, conn: 977056, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2193.794M, outer_mem: 2372.980M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 978721
axum 45, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 46, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 47, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 48, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 49, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 50, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 51, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 52, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 53, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 54, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.049M, outer_mem: 2417.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 55, ct: 2000000, conn: 900346, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2096.700M, outer_mem: 2453.855M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 897519
axum 56, ct: 2000000, conn: 711036, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1836.852M, outer_mem: 2502.855M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 709887
axum 57, ct: 2000000, conn: 538257, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1587.075M, outer_mem: 2529.605M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 535972
axum 58, ct: 2000000, conn: 343601, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1362.405M, outer_mem: 2566.566M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 340818
axum 59, ct: 2000000, conn: 174574, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1187.495M, outer_mem: 2650.773M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 170441
axum 60, ct: 2000000, conn: 16180, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1035.920M, outer_mem: 2719.148M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 16195
axum 61, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 776.194M, outer_mem: 2727.398M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 62, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 754.051M, outer_mem: 2727.398M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 63, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 754.051M, outer_mem: 2727.398M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 64, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 754.051M, outer_mem: 2727.398M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 65, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 754.051M, outer_mem: 2727.398M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 66, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.345M, outer_mem: 2151.961M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on DefaultAlloc until 20M! cost 721.269µs
axum 67, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.344M, outer_mem: 62.145M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on DefaultAlloc until 20M! cost 823.072µs
axum 68, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 62.145M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on DefaultAlloc until 20M! cost 870.368µs
axum 69, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.344M, outer_mem: 62.145M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on DefaultAlloc until 20M! cost 915.286µs
axum 70, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.315M, outer_mem: 62.145M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on DefaultAlloc until 20M! cost 866.946µs

4、mimalloc-with-refresh

axum-demo pid is 3021
listening on 0.0.0.0:3000
axum 0, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 7.500M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 1, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 8.484M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 2, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 9.609M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 3, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 10.359M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 4, ct: 0, conn: 0, max_conn: 0, inner_mem: 0.258M, outer_mem: 10.484M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 5, ct: 35355, conn: 35355, max_conn: 35355, inner_mem: 88.450M, outer_mem: 105.109M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 37147
axum 6, ct: 138968, conn: 138968, max_conn: 138968, inner_mem: 329.454M, outer_mem: 350.250M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 142594
axum 7, ct: 384539, conn: 384539, max_conn: 384539, inner_mem: 962.115M, outer_mem: 983.426M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 393629
axum 8, ct: 606163, conn: 606163, max_conn: 606163, inner_mem: 1408.331M, outer_mem: 1450.270M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 617051
axum 9, ct: 876509, conn: 876509, max_conn: 876509, inner_mem: 2030.256M, outer_mem: 2090.184M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 881387
axum 10, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.586M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 11, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.836M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 12, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.836M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 13, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.836M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 14, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.652M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 15, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.652M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 16, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.652M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 17, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.652M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 18, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.652M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 19, ct: 1000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2235.041M, outer_mem: 2333.777M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 20, ct: 1000000, conn: 985848, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2217.086M, outer_mem: 2328.094M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 977496
axum 21, ct: 1000000, conn: 862314, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2014.693M, outer_mem: 2106.859M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 860119
axum 22, ct: 1000000, conn: 655363, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1707.808M, outer_mem: 1875.473M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 655378
axum 23, ct: 1000000, conn: 459518, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1400.007M, outer_mem: 1536.480M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 459533
axum 24, ct: 1000000, conn: 215690, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1082.380M, outer_mem: 1249.082M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 214247
axum 25, ct: 1000000, conn: 33991, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 846.364M, outer_mem: 948.512M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 24484
axum 26, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 705.293M, outer_mem: 712.348M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 27, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 705.293M, outer_mem: 712.086M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 28, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 705.293M, outer_mem: 711.949M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 29, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 705.293M, outer_mem: 711.812M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 30, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.345M, outer_mem: 674.520M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on MiMalloc until 20M! cost 1.190306ms
axum 31, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.347M, outer_mem: 298.633M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on MiMalloc until 20M! cost 713.71µs
axum 32, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 13.512M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 33, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 14.387M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 34, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 14.387M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 35, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 14.262M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 36, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 14.387M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 37, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 14.387M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 38, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 14.387M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 39, ct: 1000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 14.387M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 40, ct: 1022144, conn: 22144, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 58.355M, outer_mem: 75.668M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 24549
axum 41, ct: 1243949, conn: 243949, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 572.814M, outer_mem: 586.391M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 245193
axum 42, ct: 1459547, conn: 459547, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1170.676M, outer_mem: 1156.102M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 492212
axum 43, ct: 1688070, conn: 688070, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1612.515M, outer_mem: 1604.105M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 688105
axum 44, ct: 1910744, conn: 910744, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2099.287M, outer_mem: 2171.328M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 940210
axum 45, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2312.785M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 46, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2312.910M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 47, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2313.035M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 48, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2313.035M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 49, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2313.035M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 50, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2313.035M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 51, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2313.035M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 52, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2313.035M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 53, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2312.906M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 54, ct: 2000000, conn: 1000000, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2210.674M, outer_mem: 2312.906M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 1000008
axum 55, ct: 2000000, conn: 986024, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 2193.908M, outer_mem: 2309.086M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 985245
axum 56, ct: 2000000, conn: 767038, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1835.938M, outer_mem: 1934.230M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 764543
axum 57, ct: 2000000, conn: 563257, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1486.607M, outer_mem: 1598.703M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 558215
axum 58, ct: 2000000, conn: 339905, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 1156.538M, outer_mem: 1261.723M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 338950
axum 59, ct: 2000000, conn: 132751, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 773.141M, outer_mem: 852.016M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 129134
axum 60, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 524.926M, outer_mem: 576.590M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 61, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 524.926M, outer_mem: 576.465M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 62, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 524.926M, outer_mem: 576.324M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 63, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 524.926M, outer_mem: 576.324M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 64, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 524.926M, outer_mem: 576.324M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 8
axum 65, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.345M, outer_mem: 549.789M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on MiMalloc until 20M! cost 543.071µs
axum 66, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.347M, outer_mem: 432.996M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on MiMalloc until 20M! cost 980.94µs
axum 67, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.347M, outer_mem: 27.895M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0, refresh runtime on MiMalloc until 20M! cost 930.906µs
axum 68, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 13.184M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 69, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 13.809M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0
axum 70, ct: 2000000, conn: 0, max_conn: 1000000, inner_mem: 0.266M, outer_mem: 13.934M, main_rt: 1, global_rt: 0

评论区

写评论
zhangjian10 2024-08-29 09:03

使用 musl 编译好像没这问题

Ryan-Git 2024-08-23 15:37

分配器不立即归还系统我理解是常态，无论 pt/je/tc malloc 都一样

作者 lithbitren 2024-08-23 01:28

issue现场大佬们提了可以用unsafe { libc::malloc_trim(0); }来刷新内存。

我除了上学的时候用过C语言刷题，之后就再没有用过C语言了，对C语言的系统级编程不是很了解。

我看了一些C语言关于malloc_trim的文章，似乎有不少文章不推荐在实践里使用这个函数。

不过可能是C/C++没有rust安全所以才不推荐使用的，就是不知道在rust里使用这个方法会有什么风险？

我试着把服务端代码刷新部分的代码替换成了malloc_trim。

测试以后，目前看来unsafe { libc::malloc_trim(0); }只能在默认分配器里使用，而且开销比单独刷新tokio的运行时大不少，但好处是可以刷新包括tokio运行时在内的全局所有容器的内存。

这个方法在mi_malloc里不起作用，但是mi_malloc经过我多次测试看来，mi_malloc下的各方面性能和开销都比默认分配器更好，如果不能兼容这个方法也是一个遗憾。

总而言之，目前唯一的最佳实践就是把内存分配器改成mi_malloc，但mi_malloc往往只能释放最高内存的70%左右，还是很难把外部监控的进程内存回缩到和内部内存接近的状态。

测试unsafe { libc::malloc_trim(0); }的日志回复在issue里，论坛就不贴了。

作者 lithbitren 2024-08-23 01:23

理论上可以通过std::alloc里相关的方法来追踪，但我看hyper/axum/warp的社区里内存泄漏的issue挂了好几年了，贡献者早就追踪过了，目前也没人有啥结论。我这个文章里刷新运行时也只能算是种比较trick的方法，如果真放到实践里也不知道会有什么别的问题。

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zqlpaopao: 这个问题很多地方在讨论 怎么能监控或者定位内存到底在哪里呢

是的，而且这种提法已经有点委婉了，目前来看如果不上点手段的话基本是不可能回收的，出了问题放运维那里基本就可以定义成内存泄漏了。

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bestgopher: 牛！是不是释放了操作系统没立即回收？

zqlpaopao 2024-08-22 18:38

这个问题很多地方在讨论 怎么能监控或者定位内存到底在哪里呢

bestgopher 2024-08-22 09:53

牛！是不是释放了操作系统没立即回收？

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